RUMUS 16 TENSES BAHASA INGGRIS
RUMUS 16 TENSES
Kata Kerja
Kata Kerja adalah bagian inti dari Tenses
Bahasa Inggris. Kata kerja atau Verb pada
rumus-rumus Tenses di blog ini, Kata kerja atau
Verb ini sering saya singkat V saja. Jadi kalau
V+ing artinya sama dengan Verb+ing, sering
juga saya tulis sebagai “Ving” saja agar mudah.
Kata kerja dalam bahasa Inggris ada banyak
bentuknya: V1, V2, V3, Ving.
Kata Kerja bentuk 1 atau saya singkat V1, yaitu
kata kerja dasar, seperti: drink, go, write, read,
participate, learn, study, dan sebagainya. Ada
kata kerja bentuk ke 2, sering saya singkat V2.
Kata kerja bentuk 3 ya V3. Serta Kata Kerja
bentuk ING atau saya singkat Ving. Bagaimana
cara menggunakan bentuk-bentuk kata kerja
tersebut? Ada di masing-masing pelajaran
Tenses Bahasa Inggris.
Perubahan Bentuk Kata Kerja
Perubahan bentuk Kata Kerja bentuk 1 (V1) ke
bentuk kedua (V2) dan bentuk ke 3 (V2) ada
yang beraturan (ada rumusnya) dan ada juga
yang tidak beraturan (tidak ada rumusnya). Wah
memamg inilah yang membuat bahasa Inggris
ini menjadi rumit bagi kita orang Indonesia,
haha.
Kata Kerja Beraturan (Regular Verb):
Artinya ya mempunyai keteraturan bentuknya,
ada rumusnya misalnya ditambah “D” atau “ED”
seperti: live – lived – lived, play, played, played.
Walaupun ada aturannya tetapi aturan
perubahan tersebut masih ada beberapa. Daftar
kata kerja beraturan ini pun panjang sekali. Saya
sarankan Anda mempunyai buku Grammar
Bahasa Inggris walaupun yang kecil dan
sederhana, biasanya ada di sana. Memang
Anda mau menulsinya disini satu per satu?.
Kata Kerja TIDAK Beraturan (Irregular Verb):
Misalnya kata kerja “drink” berturut-turut untuk
bentuk ke 1 sampai 3: drink-drank-drunk. Satu
contoh lain lagi: break-broke-broken
Masih ingat V1, V2, V3 dan Ving? Jangan lupa
apa itu artinya ya, karena akan sering
dipergunakan dalam setiap tenses bahasa
inggris
1. Present Tense (Waktu Sekarang)
a. Simple Present Tense (Waktu Sekarang
Sederhana)
Rumus :
+ } S + V1 + O/C
- } S + Do/does + not + V1 + O/C
? } Do/does + S + V1 + O/C
Example :
+ } Sisca Reads book everyday
- } Sisca does not Read book everyday
? } does Sisca Read book everyday
Yes He does / No He does not (doesn’t)
For I, We, You, They = do
He, She, It = Does
Contoh kalimat :
(+) She is a new people here.
(+) He plays football every morning
(-) She isn’t a new people here.
(-) He does not playing football every morning.
(?) Is she a new people here?
(?) How playing football every morning?
b. Present Continuous Tense (Waktu
Berlangsung Sekarang)
Menerangkan suatu perbuatan yabg sedang
berlangsungpada waktu sekarang.
Rumus :
+ } S + Be + V1 + ing + O/C >> + } They
are playing badmintoon now
- } S + Be + not + V1 + ing + O/C >> – } They
are not playing badmintoon now
? } Be + S + V1 + ing + O/C >> ? } Are
they palaying badmintoon now ?
Yes They are / no they are not
For I = am
They, we, you = are
He, She, It = Is
Contoh dalam kalimat :
(+) He is playing badminton now
(-) He isn’t playing badminton now.
(?) Is he playing badminton now.
c. Present Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna
Sekarang)
Rumus :
subject+auxiliary verb+main verb
Contoh :
(+) you have eaten mine.
(-) she has not been to Rome
(?) have you finished?
d. Present Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu
Berlangsung Sempurna Sekarang)
Rumus :
(+): S + have/has + been + Ving (-): S + have/has + not + been + Ving (?): Have/has + S + been + Ving
Contoh :
(+) She has been going to Malang since evening.
(+) We have been riding a horse for three days
(-) She hasn’t been going to Malang since
evening.
(-) We haven’t been riding a horse for three
days.
(?) Has she been going to Malang ?
(?) Have He been riding a horse for three days ?
2. Past Tense (Waktu Lampau)
a. Simple Past Tense (Waktu Lampau
Sederhana)
Rumus :
+} S+Be+Was/Were+O/C
-} S+Be+Was/Were+not+O/C
?} Be+Was/Were+ S+O/C
Example :
+} We were at school yesterday
-} We were not at school yesterday
?} were we at school yesterday ?
For I, He, She, It = Was
They, we, you = were
Contoh :
(+ ) I saw a good film last night
( +) He came here last month
(-) I did not see a good film last night
(-) He didn’t come last month
(?) Did I see a good film last night
(?) Did He come here last month
b. Past Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung
Lampau)
Rumus :
(+): S + was/were + Ving (-): S + was/were + NOT + Ving (?): Was/Were + S + Ving
Contoh :
(+) He was watching television all afternoon last
week
(+) They were talking about sport when I met
him
(-) He wasn’t watching television all afternoon
last week
(-) They weren’t talking about sport when I met
him
(?) Was He watching television all afternoon last
week
(?) Were they talking about sport when I met
him
c. Past Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna
Lampau)
Rumus :
subject+auxiliary verb HAVE+main verb
(+): S + had + V3 (-): S + had + not + V3 (?): Had + S + V3
Contoh :
(+) When my brother arrived , I had painted my
motor cycle
(+) The ship had left before I arrived
(-) When my brother arrived , I hadn’t painted
my motor cycle
(-) The ship hadn’t left before I arrived
(?) Had I my motor cycle , when my brother
arrived ?
(?) Had the ship left before I arrived?
d. Past Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu
Berlangsung Sempurna Lampau)
Rumus :
subject+auxiliary verb HAVE+auxiliary verb
BE+main verb
Contoh :
(+) They had been living there for two month
(+) When they washed my drees , your father
had been playing badminton
(-) They hadn’t been living there for two month
(-) When they washed my dress , your father
hadn’t been playing badminton
(?) Had they been living there for two month?
(?) When they washed my dress , had your
father been playing badminton ?
3. Future Tense (Akan Datang)
a. Simple Future Tense (Waktu Akan Datang
Sederhana)
Rumus :
subject+auxiliary verb WILL+main verb
Contoh :
(+) I will visit to yogyakarta tomorrow.
(+) he will met girl friend by seven o’clock
(?) Will he go to America next month?
(+) President shall at Nederland the day after
tomorrow.
(-) President shall not at Nederland the day after
tomorrow.
(?) Shall President at Nederland the day after
tomorrow?
b. Future Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung
Akan Datang)
Rumus :
subject+auxiliary verb WILL+auxiliary verb
BE+main verb
Contoh :
(+) I will be writing a comic.
(+) I will be studying tomorrow night.
(-) I will not writing a comic.
(-) I will not be studying tomorrow night.
(?) Will I be writing a comic ?
(?) Will I be studying tomorrow night ?
c. Future Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Akan
Datang)
Rumus :
subject+auxiliary verb WILL+auxiliary verb
HAVE+main verb
Contoh :
(+) Iwill havefinishedby 10am.
(+) Youwill haveforgottenme by then.
(-) Shewillnothavegoneto school.
(-) Wewillnothaveleft.
(?) Willyou havearrived?
(?) Willthey havereceivedit?
d. Future Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu
Berlangsung Sempurna Akan Datang)
Rumus :
subject+auxiliary verb WILL+auxiliary verb
HAVE+auxiliary verb BE+main verb
Contoh :
(+) I will have been reading a news paper.
(+) He will have been listening music.
(-) I will haven’t been reading a news paper.
(-) He will haven’t listening a music.
(?) Will I have been riding a news paper ?
(?) Will He have listening a music ?
4. Past Future Tense (Akan Datang Di Waktu
Lampau)
a. Past Future Tense (Waktu Akan Datang Di
Waktu Lampau)
Rumus :
Positif: S + would + V1
Negatif: S + would + not + V1
Tanya: Would + S + V1
Contoh :
(+) He would come if you invited him.
(+) They would buy a home the previous day.
(-) He wouldn’t come if invited him.
(-) They wouldn’t buy a home the previous day.
(?) Would He come if invited him ?
(?) Would they buy a home the previous day ?
b. Past Future Continuous Tense (Waktu Akan
Sedang Terjadi Diwaktu Lampau)
Rumus :
Positif: S + would + be + Ving Negatif: S + would + not + be + Ving Tanya: Would + S + be + Ving
Contoh :
(+) I should be swimming at this time the
following day.
(+) I shall be sliping at 10 o’clock tomorrow.
(-) I shouldn’t be swimming at this time the
following day.
(-) I shalln’t be sleeping at 10 o’clock tomorrow.
(?) Shall I be swimming at this time the following
day ?
(?) Shall I be sleeping at10 o’clock tomorrow ?
c. Past Future Perfect Tense (Waktu Akan
Sudah Selesai Di Waktu Lampau)
Rumus :
Positif: S + would + have + V3 Negatif: S + would + not + have + V3 Tanya: Would + S + have + V3
Contoh :
(+) He would have graduated if he had studies
hard.
(+) Nonok will have studied moth by the end of
this week.
(-) He wouldn’t have gone if he had met his
darling
(-) Nonok will have not studied month by the end
of this week
(?) Would He have gone if he had met his darling
?
(?) Will Nonok have studied month by the end of
this week ?
d. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
(Waktu Yang Sudah Sedang Berlangsung Pada
Waktu Lampau)
Rumus :
Positif: S + would + have + been + Ving Negatif: S + would + not + have + been + V ing Tanya: Would + S + have + been + Ving
Contoh :
Rianawati would have been speaking English for
two years
(+) Mrs. Anisa Munif would have been walking
here for seventeen years
(+) Rianawati would have been speaking English
for two years
(-) Mrs. Anisa Munif wouldn’t have been walking
here for seventeen year
(-) Rianawati wouldn’t have been speaking
English for two years
(?) Would Mrs. Anisa Munif have been walking
here for seventeen years?
(?) Would Rianawati have been speaking English
for two years?
